ABSTRACT
Background: The intensity of conditioning chemotherapy and radiotherapy in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) varies according to several factors including the patients age, pre-existing conditions and performance status. Myeloablative conditioning (MA) increases transplant related mortality and reduces survival in older patients. Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) is a good option for these patients. Aim: To report our experience with HSCT in patients of different ages with acute leukemia. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 115 allogeneic HSCT performed in patients with acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemia. Results: We analyzed the cohort of patients in groups according to age at transplantation: younger than 40 years (n = 74), 41 to 50 years (n = 25) and older than 51 years of age (n = 16). Overall survival (OS), Disease free survival (DFS) and relapse at five years were similar in both groups of patients younger than 50 years (OS 40 and 44% respectively, DFS 38 and 42% respectively and relapse 40% and 34% respectively, p = NS). Patients over 51 years had a five years OS of 12%. However when we analyzed those patients by date and conditioning we found that patients who were treated with MA regimens in the first decade of the transplant program (before 2000) had lower OS compared to those treated after 2000 with RIC (five years OS 49% and 12% respectively, p < 0.01). No significant differences in terms of OS, recurrence or incidence of graft-versus-host disease were found when comparing groups under 40 years, between 41 and 50 years and older than 51 years treated only with RIC. Conclusions: RIC provides the possibility of HSCT in older patients with rates comparable to those obtained in younger patients successfully treated with MA conditioning.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/surgery , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Transplantation Conditioning/methods , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/surgery , Recurrence , Transplantation, Homologous/methods , Transplantation, Homologous/mortality , Survival Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Age Factors , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/mortality , Disease-Free Survival , Transplantation Conditioning/mortalityABSTRACT
Introducción. La infección por citomegalovirus (CMV) adquirida mediante productos sanguÌneos puede llegar a ser importante causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en aquellos pacientes sometidos a trasplante de médula ósea (TMO). En vista de la dificultad para contar con donadores CMV negativos se utilizan filtros para leucocitos en los productos transfundidos, con reportes de efectividad de hasta 99 por ciento en pacientes CMV negativos.Caso clínico. Paciente masculino de 12 años de edad con diagnósticos de leucemia aguda no linfoblástica M4, CMV negativo por serología y PCR, que recibió TMO autólogo con purga con mafosfamida. Los productos sanguíneos se filtraron para leucocitos. Injerto de médula ósea el día +14, y el día +28 presentó disminución de leucocitos a 200/µL. La PCR fue positiva para CMV en orina, plasma y leucocitos; inició tratamiento con ganciclovir con lo cual la cifra de leucocitos se incrementó paulatinamente después de negativizar la PCR. Conclusión. Ya que la población seropositiva para CMV es muy alta en nuestro medio, es difícil obtener productos seronegativos, y a pesar del uso de filtros para leucocitos existe riesgo de transmitir el virus como es el caso que se presenta. Se considera que se requiere un escrutinio en banco de sangre para detectar donadores con infección reciente y viremia.